Which two factors are commonly listed as risk factors for falls in hospitalized patients?

• A. History of falls and impaired mobility or balance
• B. Age over 65 and dehydration
• C. Visual impairment and high blood pressure
• D. Recent surgery and diabetes

Answer: (A)

Two factors most consistently signal higher fall risk in hospitalized patients: a history of falls and impaired mobility or balance. A prior fall suggests underlying vulnerabilities such as weakness, instability, cognitive issues, or medication effects, all of which raise the chance of falling again. Impaired mobility or balance means the patient has difficulty moving, transferring, or standing without support, which directly increases the likelihood of a loss of balance and a fall. In the hospital, these risks are often prioritized in assessments and precautions because they reliably identify patients who need closer monitoring, assistive devices, and environmental safety measures. While other factors like age, dehydration, or visual issues can contribute, the combination of past falls and current mobility/balance problems is most commonly used to flag high fall risk.